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    AEO‑7 surfactant is “super toxic” and induces severe cardiac, liver and locomotion damage in zebrafish embryos

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    Date
    2020
    Author
    Al‑Asmakh, Maha
    Majdalawieh, Amin
    Abdullah, Aboubakr M.
    Younes, Nadin
    Da’as, Sahar I.
    Radwan, A. Bahgat
    Sliem, Mostafa H.
    Ech‑Cherif, Houria
    Pintus, Gianfranco
    Nasrallah, Gheyath K.
    Advisor(s)
    Unknown advisor
    Type
    Peer-Reviewed
    Article
    Published version
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    Abstract
    Background: Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether-7 (AEO-7), a non-ionic surfactant, has recently been receiving extensive attention from the ocean pipeline industry for its ability to inhibit corrosion. However, the present lack of information concerning the potential environmental toxicity of AEO-7, especially towards aquatic organisms, is a major impediment to its wider application. Here, we assess potential adverse effects of AEO-7 on zebrafish embryos employing a variety of assays, including (i) a mortality/survival assay which allowed the median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) to be calculated; (ii) a teratogenicity assay on the basis of which the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined; and (iii) specific assays of cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity (based on locomotion), hematopoietic toxicity (the level of hemoglobin as revealed by o-dianisidine staining) and hepatotoxicity (liver steatosis and yolk retention examined by staining with Oil Red O). Results: AEO-7 caused mortality with a calculated LC₅₀ of 15.35 μg/L, which, according to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Acute Toxicity Rating scale, should be considered “super toxic”. Although at its NOEC (0.8 μg/L), there were no signs of significant teratogenicity, cardiotoxicity, or hemopoiesis toxicity, 3.2 µg/L AEO-7 exerted dramatic detrimental effects on organ development. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we recommend that the industrial usage and environmental impact of AEO-7 be re-evaluated and strictly monitored by environmental and public health organizations.
    DSpace URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11073/21445
    External URI
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00429-z
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