An Effective Anticancer Nano-approach for Melanoma and Breast Cancers Using Annona muricate Gold Nanoparticles

Abstract

Chemotherapy is preferred for the treatment and management of cancer; however, its efficacy is hindered by the off-target side effects of the currently used synthetic drugs. Thus, anticancer drugs with higher safety and efficacy from renewable resources are needed. Nanostructured particles can enhance the drug specificity for target tissues, thus enhancing their clinical efficacy and safety. The synthesis of Annona muricata gold nanoparticles is reported for enhancing its anti-cancer potential. Green nanoparticles were synthesized through reduction of gold with Annona muricata followed by their extensive characterization through atomic force microscope, UV-spectrophotometer, zetasizer, and FT-R. They were investigated for their anticancer activity against two melanoma and one breast cancer cell line. The nanoparticles were rounded in shape and were monodispersed with 89.34 ± 2.76 nm size and - 22.41 ± 0.27 zeta potential. FT-IR study showed the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of Annona muricata were involved in the stabilization of nanoparticles. The extract anticancer activity significantly improved against all cancer cells upon loading on the surfaces of the synthesized NPs. The findings suggest that Annona muricata gold nanoparticles can lead to promising therapeutic anticancer results, however, to reveal their anticancer effectiveness at molecular levels, further in vivo studies are required.