Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) is a multinational program initiated in 1997 in the tropical Atlantic to improve our understanding and ability to predict ocean‐atmosphere variability. ...

The oceans have a huge capability to store, release, and transport heat, water, and various chemical species on timescales from seasons to centuries. Their transports affect global energy, water, and biogeochemical cycles ...

The South Atlantic subtropical dipole is the dominant mode of coupled variability in the South Atlantic, connecting sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. Previous studies have shown its great relevance to the ...

The Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is a primary mechanism driving oceanic heat redistribution on Earth, thereby affecting Earth's climate and weather. However, the full-depth structure and variability of the MOC ...

The coral reef ecosystems of the Arabian/Persian Gulf (the Gulf ) are facing profound pressure from climate change (extreme temperatures) and anthropogenic (land-use and population-related) stressors. Increasing degradation ...

Excess evaporation within the Persian (also referred as the Arabian) Gulf induces an inverse-estuary circulation. Surface waters are imported, via the Strait of Hormuz, while saltier waters are exported in the deeper layers. ...

Three of the world’s most energetic regions are in the tropical and South Atlantic: the North Brazil Current Retroflection, the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence, and the Agulhas Current Retroflection. All three regions display ...